Act 29 of 1986 — the umbrella statute; definitions, the Central Government’s general powers, and the penal provisions.
The sections below are the ones the LL.B. papers examine on this Act, with the unit that covers each and the cases decided on it. The official text is on India Code ↗.
Sections in the syllabus
s. 2
s. 2(a)
s. 2(a) to 2(f)
Covered in Unit 1 · Foundations of Environmental Law.
s. 2(j)
s. 2(m)
s. 2(o)
s. 3
- Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v Union of India — the Bichhri case (1996 and 2011)
- Narmada Bachao Andolan v Union of India (2000)
- M.C. Mehta v Union of India (1988) — the Ganga pollution cases
- S. Jagannath v Union of India (1997) — the shrimp culture case
- Orissa Mining Corporation v Ministry of Environment and Forests (2013) — the Niyamgiri case
s. 3(1)(e)
s. 3(2)(v)
s. 3, 5 and 24
Covered in Unit 3 · The Pollution and Forest Statutes.
s. 3, 6, 8 and 25
Covered in Unit 4 · Tribunal, Wildlife and Rules.
s. 3 and 5
Covered in Unit 2 · International Perspectives and Principles.
s. 3 and 6, read with the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000
Covered in Unit 4 · Tribunal, Wildlife and Rules.
s. 3, with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules 1986
Covered in Unit 2 · International Perspectives and Principles.
s. 4
s. 4(d)
s. 5
s. 5(2)
s. 5(3)
s. 5(4)
s. 6
s. 6(4)
s. 6(7)
s. 7
s. 8(3)
s. 9
s. 10
s. 13
s. 14
s. 15
s. 16
s. 17
s. 18
s. 20
s. 21
s. 21(2)
s. 21(4)
s. 22
s. 24
s. 25
s. 26
s. 30
s. 32
s. 33
- State of M.P. v Kedia Leather & Liquor Ltd. (2003)
- Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v Union of India (1996)
- M.C. Mehta v Union of India (1988) — the Ganga pollution cases
- M/s Delhi Bottling Co. Pvt. Ltd. v Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1986)
- S. Jagannath v Union of India (1997) — the shrimp culture case
s. 33(1)
s. 35
s. 41
- M/s Delhi Bottling Co. Pvt. Ltd. v Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1986)
- Orissa Mining Corporation v Ministry of Environment and Forests (2013) — the Niyamgiri case
- The noise pollution cases — Forum for Prevention of Environment and Sound Pollution v Union of India (2005) and Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v KKR Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000)
s. 51
s. 71(a)
s. 123
s. 133
s. 133(1)
s. 144
s. 152
s. 188
s. 304
s. 320(9)
s. 321
s. 324
s. 326
s. 379
s. 397
s. 411
s. 429
s. 482
Cases on this Act
- Subhash Kumar v State of Bihar (1991)
- Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v State of U.P. (1985)
- M.C. Mehta v Union of India — the Oleum Gas Leak case (1987)
- Union Carbide Corporation v Union of India (1992) — the Bhopal review
- Municipal Council, Ratlam v Vardichand (1980)
- State of M.P. v Kedia Leather & Liquor Ltd. (2003)
- Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v Union of India (1996)
- Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v Union of India — the Bichhri case (1996 and 2011)
- Narmada Bachao Andolan v Union of India (2000)
- M.C. Mehta v Kamal Nath (1997, 2000 and 2002) — the Span Motels litigation
- Intellectuals Forum, Tirupathi v State of A.P. (2006)
- M.C. Mehta v Union of India (1988) — the Ganga pollution cases
- M/s Delhi Bottling Co. Pvt. Ltd. v Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1986)
- S. Jagannath v Union of India (1997) — the shrimp culture case
- Orissa Mining Corporation v Ministry of Environment and Forests (2013) — the Niyamgiri case
- Techi Tagi Tara v Rajendra Singh Bhandari (2017)
- Sansar Chand v State of Rajasthan (2010)
- The noise pollution cases — Forum for Prevention of Environment and Sound Pollution v Union of India (2005) and Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v KKR Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000)