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Theory paper

Environmental Laws

Examined on Environment (Protection) Act 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, National Green Tribunal Act 2010, Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, Indian Forest Act 1927, Forest (Conservation) Act 1980. Act 29 of 1986 — the umbrella statute; definitions, the Central Government’s general powers, and the penal provisions.

This page is the map of the paper: every syllabus unit, the leading cases with full summaries, and the exam questions the paper actually sets.

Units

  1. Unit 1 · Foundations of Environmental Law — Module I — environment and its components; global warming, climate change and kinds of pollution; environmental law, meaning and purpose; constitutional provisions, public interest litigation and judicial activism; tort, penal and criminal-procedure remedies
  2. Unit 2 · International Perspectives and Principles — Module II — Stockholm, Rio and Johannesburg; UNFCCC, Kyoto, Montreal, Convention on Biological Diversity; sustainable development, polluter pays, precautionary principle, environmental impact assessment, eco-mark, intergenerational duty, public trust doctrine
  3. Unit 3 · The Pollution and Forest Statutes — Module III — Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981, Environment (Protection) Act 1986, Indian Forest Act 1927 and Forest (Conservation) Act 1980
  4. Unit 4 · Tribunal, Wildlife and Rules — Module IV — National Green Tribunal Act 2010; Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972; the bio-medical waste, hazardous waste, noise pollution, ozone-depleting substances and solid waste rules

Leading cases in this paper

Exam questions

Where it sits

Statutes