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Theory paper

Labour Law and Industrial Relations – II

Examined on Payment of Wages Act 1936; Minimum Wages Act 1948, Employee's Compensation Act 1923; Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946, Employees' State Insurance Act 1948; Maternity Benefit Act 1961, Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008, Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986, as amended in 2016. Both Acts were repealed when the Code on Wages 2019 came into force on 21 November 2025. They are still the Acts named on the syllabus, so each chapter teaches the Act and then shows the provision of the Code that carries it forward.

This page is the map of the paper: every syllabus unit, the leading cases with full summaries, and the exam questions the paper actually sets.

Units

  1. Unit 1 · Payment of Wages and Minimum Wages — Module I — the Payment of Wages Act 1936 and the Minimum Wages Act 1948: object, definitions, deductions and contracting out, authorities, fixation and revision of minimum wages, working conditions, overtime and claims
  2. Unit 2 · Employees' Compensation and Standing Orders — Module II — the Employee's Compensation Act 1923 and the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946: employee, employer, dependant and disablement, the employer's liability and its exceptions, computation, the Commissioner, and the nature, procedure and interpretation of standing orders
  3. Unit 3 · Employees' State Insurance and Maternity Benefit — Module III — the Employees' State Insurance Act 1948 and the Maternity Benefit Act 1961: employment injury and principal employer, the Corporation and its committees, finance, contributions and benefits, adjudication, maternity benefit claims, and Inspectors and penalties
  4. Unit 4 · Unorganised Workers' Social Security and Child Labour — Module IV — the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 and the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986: home-based and self-employed workers, the Social Security Boards and administrative machinery, prohibition of employment of children, conditions of work, and offences and penalties

Leading cases in this paper

Exam questions

Where it sits

Statutes