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Theory paper

Law of Evidence (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023)

Examined on Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Indian Evidence Act 1872, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act 2022. Act 47 of 2023 — in force 1 July 2024; repeals and replaces the Indian Evidence Act 1872. Section numbers changed: always name the statute you cite.

This page is the map of the paper: every syllabus unit, the leading cases with full summaries, and the exam questions the paper actually sets.

Units

  1. Unit 1 · Relevancy of Facts — Module I — introduction and applicability; definitions; res gestae; motive, preparation and conduct; conspiracy; state of mind and body; admissions and confessions; statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses; judgments; opinions of third parties; character (BSA ss. 1–50; IEA ss. 1–55)
  2. Unit 2 · Proof and Burden of Proof — Module II — facts which need not be proved; oral and documentary evidence; proof of electronic records; public and private documents; presumptions; exclusion of oral by documentary evidence; burden of proof; estoppel (BSA ss. 51–123; IEA ss. 56–117)
  3. Unit 3 · Witnesses — Module III — who may testify; examination of witnesses; questions that may be put; credibility; the judge’s power to put questions; improper admission and rejection of evidence (BSA ss. 124–170; IEA ss. 118–167)
  4. Unit 4 · Forensic Evidence — Module IV — branches of forensic science; types of forensic evidence; its use in civil and criminal cases; expert opinion and its admissibility

Exam questions

Where it sits

Statutes