The question (15 marks)
Distinguish truth from validity and explain, with examples, why an argument may be valid although all its propositions are false. Discuss how far the distinction holds for inductive arguments. (15 marks)
MU Module I, heads 1.3 and 1.4; pack ch. 02.
Plan your answer on paper before you look at the authorities — issue first, then the rule, then apply it to these facts.
It tests Unit 1 · Introduction to Logical and Legal Reasoning of Logic – I.
Authorities you will need
- Cohen and Nagel, An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method
- Bennett and Baylis, who call inductive arguments empirical probability arguments
- Mill, System of Logic, on induction as inference from resemblance
- Keynes, Formal Logic, on the negative function of the laws of thought
How an answer is marked
A full-marks answer names the issue in one line, states the rule with its section, cites the authority, applies it to these facts and concludes — in that order. The app's model answer for this question is written in exactly that shape, with a checklist to mark your own attempt against.