Unit 1 of English – II (syllabus: Module 1 — Galsworthy, Justice; Shaw, Saint Joan; Forster, A Passage to India; Rice, Counsellor-at-Law; Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.
What this unit covers
- Why does the prosecution of Falder in Justice begin, and what theory of human nature decides it?
- Why does the insanity defence fail in Justice, and on what ground does the judge refuse mercy?
- How is the work divided between Church and State in Saint Joan, and why does that division matter?
- Is Joan's trial fair? How should both sides of that question be put?
- How does Forster show the presumption of innocence being held as a rule and resisted as a feeling?
- What saves Aziz at his trial, and what does that tell you about the adversarial method?
- What does Orwell's Oceania teach about the rule of law by removing it?
- Why does Orwell make the control of records a legal question rather than a political one?
Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.
Provisions
- Justice, a play in four acts, s. Act I - the decision to prosecute
- Justice, a play in four acts, s. Act II - the trial, the summing-up and the sentence
- Saint Joan, a chronicle play in six scenes and an epilogue, s. Scene IV - Church, State and the secular arm
- Saint Joan, a chronicle play in six scenes and an epilogue, s. Scene VI - the heresy trial at Rouen, 30 May 1431
- A Passage to India, a novel in three parts, s. The arrest, the refusal of bail and the presumption of innocence
- A Passage to India, a novel in three parts, s. Chapter XXIV - the trial, the platform and the withdrawal on oath
- Nineteen Eighty-Four, a novel in three parts, s. Punishment without law - thoughtcrime and vaporization
- Nineteen Eighty-Four, a novel in three parts, s. Show trials, the memory hole and the falsified record