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Jurisprudence · Unit 4

Rights, Persons, Property and Possession

Unit 4 of Jurisprudence / Legal Theory (syllabus: Module IV — rights and duties, their correlation, rights in the wider sense and the classification of rights; persons, the nature of personality, the legal status of animals, minors, persons of unsound mind, the unborn and the dead, and corporate personality and its theories; property, its philosophical theories, kinds and modes of acquisition; and possession in fact and in law, corporeal and incorporeal, its modes of acquisition and why it is protected). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.

What this unit covers

  • Define a legal right and state its characteristics.
  • Must every duty have a correlative right?
  • Set out Hohfeld's scheme of jural relations.
  • Why is a liberty not a claim?
  • Classify legal rights.
  • What is legal personality, and what is the status of animals, the unborn and the dead?
  • State the theories of corporate personality.
  • Define ownership and state its incidents.
  • What are the elements of possession, and why is possession protected?

Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.

Leading cases

  • Salmond
  • Austin and Salmond
  • W.N. Hohfeld
  • Musgrove v Chun Teeong Toy
  • Salmond's classification of rights
  • Salmond on animals and the dead; Paton on the unborn; Williams v Williams
  • Savigny

Exam questions on this unit