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Torts & Consumer · Unit 4

General Defences

Unit 4 of Law of Torts, Motor Accident Claims and Consumer Protection (syllabus: General Defences). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.

What this unit covers

  • When does the claimant's own consent defeat his claim?
  • Inevitable accident and act of God: harm no care could have prevented
  • How much force may a defendant use to protect himself or his property?
  • How far does an Act of the legislature protect the person who acts under it?

Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.

Leading cases

  • Smith v Charles Baker & Sons (1891) AC 325
  • Nichols v Marsland (1876) 2 Ex D 1
  • Bird v Holbrook (1828) 4 Bing 628
  • Geddis v Proprietors of the Bann Reservoir (1878) 3 App Cas 430

Exam questions on this unit