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Legal Language · Unit 1

Legal Concepts, Part 1

Unit 1 of Legal Language including Legal Writing and General English (syllabus: Module 1). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.

What this unit covers

  • What part of a judgment binds a later court?
  • What counts as a fact, and why does it matter whether a question is one of fact or of law?
  • Who is a person in law, and can a temple idol be one?
  • Which bodies are "the State" against which a fundamental right can be enforced?

Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.

Provisions

  • Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, s. s. 2(1)(f)
  • General Clauses Act 1897, s. s. 3(42)

Leading cases

  • Krishena Kumar v Union of India
  • Chunilal V. Mehta v Century Spinning & Manufacturing Co. (1962)
  • Pramatha Nath Mullick v Pradyumna Kumar Mullick (1925)
  • Ajay Hasia v Khalid Mujib Sehravardi

Exam questions on this unit