Unit 9 of Legal Language including Legal Writing and General English (syllabus: Module 9). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.
What this unit covers
- The two maxims of natural justice, and when they may be dispensed with
- When does a loss give a cause of action? Ubi jus ibi remedium and its two companions
- When does the accident itself prove the negligence? Res ipsa loquitur
- The maxims that decide how wide a statutory word runs
Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.
Leading cases
- Maneka Gandhi v Union of India
- Bhim Singh v State of Jammu and Kashmir
- Municipal Corporation of Delhi v Subhagwanti
- Amar Chandra Chakraborty v Collector of Excise
Full case summaries
- M.C. Mehta v Union of India (1987) — the Oleum Gas Leak case
- Vishaka v State of Rajasthan (1997)
- Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v Union of India (2011)