Unit 1 of Logic – II (syllabus: Module 1 — the rules and fallacies of the categorical syllogism, figures and moods and testing validity, direct and indirect reduction, and Nyaya inference: anumana, vyapti and hetvabhasa). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.
What this unit covers
- What are the general rules of the categorical syllogism, and which fallacy does each breach produce?
- What follows from the three corollaries of the general rules?
- What is figure, and what are the special rules of each of the four figures?
- What is mood, and how are the nineteen valid moods arrived at?
- How is a syllogism tested for validity, and what is done with an argument that suppresses a proposition?
- What is reduction, and how is a mood of an imperfect figure reduced to the first figure?
- How does Nyaya analyse inference, and what are the five members of the demonstration?
- What is a pseudo-reason in Nyaya, and where does it stand in the system?
Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.
Provisions
- General rules of the categorical syllogism, s. Rules 1 to 7