Unit 4 of Constitutional Law – I (syllabus: Module 4 — Part IV and its relationship with Part III; Part IVA; the Supreme Court and High Courts; tribunals; official languages; Parts XIX and XXII). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.
What this unit covers
- If the Directive Principles cannot be enforced, in what sense do they bind the State at all?
- Which laws does Article 31C protect today, and against which rights?
- If Part III and Part IV conflict, which prevails?
- Are the Fundamental Duties in Article 51A enforceable against a citizen?
Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.
Provisions
- Constitution of India, s. Art. 37
- Constitution of India, s. Art. 31C
- Constitution of India, s. Part III with Part IV
- Constitution of India, s. Art. 51A
Leading cases
- Minerva Mills Ltd. v Union of India
- AIIMS Students Union v AIIMS