The Constitution as amended — Parts I–IV (Union, citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles), IVA (duties), V Ch IV and VI Ch V (Supreme Court, High Courts), XIVA (tribunals), XVII (official language), XIX and XXII.
The sections below are the ones the LL.B. papers examine on this Act, with the unit that covers each and the cases decided on it. The official text is on India Code ↗.
Sections in the syllabus
s. 1(1)
s. 2
s. 2(6)
s. 3
- State of West Bengal v Anwar Ali Sarkar (Supreme Court, 1952) — the test of reasonable classification
- Bennett Coleman & Co. v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1972) — the newsprint policy and freedom of the press
- In re Berubari Union (Supreme Court, 1960) — the Preamble is a key, not a source of power; territory is ceded by amendment, not by an Article 3 law
- S.R. Bommai v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1994) — the Preamble's strong Centre, the federal character, and the limits on President's rule
s. 3(1)
s. 4
- State of West Bengal v Anwar Ali Sarkar (Supreme Court, 1952) — the test of reasonable classification
- In re Berubari Union (Supreme Court, 1960) — the Preamble is a key, not a source of power; territory is ceded by amendment, not by an Article 3 law
- S.R. Bommai v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1994) — the Preamble's strong Centre, the federal character, and the limits on President's rule
s. 4(1)
s. 5
s. 5(1)
s. 7
s. 10
s. 10(3)(c)
s. 10(4)
s. 10(5)
s. 14
s. 14(2)
s. 15
s. 15(1)
s. 18
s. 18(1)
s. 19(1)(c)
Covered in Unit 1 · Introduction and the constitutional framework.
s. 21
Covered in Unit 1 · Introduction and the constitutional framework.
s. 23(1)
Covered in Unit 1 · Introduction and the constitutional framework.
s. 24
Covered in Unit 1 · Introduction and the constitutional framework.
s. 29
s. 33
s. 43
s. 45
s. 51(4)
s. 52(3)
s. 58
s. 58(2)(b)
s. 66
s. 66A
s. 69A
s. 72
s. 79
s. 79(3)(b)
s. 93
s. 106
s. 114(e)
s. 118(d)
s. 123
s. 123(3)
s. 124
s. 165(1)
s. 235
s. 237
s. 237(b)
s. 254
Covered in Unit 1 · Introduction and the constitutional framework.
s. 290
s. 290A
s. 290B
s. 302
s. 303
Cases on this Act
- Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala (Supreme Court, 1973) — Parliament may amend any provision, but not the basic structure
- In re Berubari Union (Supreme Court, 1960) — the Preamble is a key, not a source of power; territory is ceded by amendment, not by an Article 3 law
- S.R. Bommai v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1994) — the Preamble's strong Centre, the federal character, and the limits on President's rule
- Pradeep Kumar Biswas v Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (Supreme Court, 2002) — the test for "other authorities" under Article 12
- Keshavan Madhava Menon v State of Bombay (Supreme Court, 1951) — Article 13(1) is prospective
- Bhikaji Narain Dhakras v State of Madhya Pradesh (Supreme Court, 1955) — the doctrine of eclipse
- State of West Bengal v Anwar Ali Sarkar (Supreme Court, 1952) — the test of reasonable classification
- E.P. Royappa v State of Tamil Nadu (Supreme Court, 1973) — equality as a guarantee against arbitrariness
- Indra Sawhney v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1992) — the Mandal Commission case
- M. Nagaraj v Union of India (2006) and Jarnail Singh v Lachhmi Narain Gupta (2018) — reservation in promotion after Indra Sawhney
- Bennett Coleman & Co. v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1972) — the newsprint policy and freedom of the press
- Shreya Singhal v Union of India (Supreme Court, 2015) — section 66A and speech on the internet
- Maneka Gandhi v Union of India (Supreme Court, 1978) — "procedure established by law" must be fair, just and reasonable
- Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v Union of India (Supreme Court, 2017) — privacy is a fundamental right
- D.K. Basu v State of West Bengal (Supreme Court, 1997) — the eleven requirements on arrest and custody
- Chintaman Rao v State of Madhya Pradesh (Supreme Court, 1950) — what makes a restriction "reasonable"