Unit 3 of Political Science – II (syllabus: Module III — liberalism, and the other ideologies prescribed by the syllabus, including the comparative study of Gandhism and communism). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.
What this unit covers
- What is liberalism, and what are its basic principles?
- What is the difference between negative and positive liberty, and why did liberalism move from one to the other?
- How does J. S. Mill defend liberty of expression, and how does Article 19 compare?
- What are the principles of Benthamite utilitarianism, and what are the objections to it?
- How did J. S. Mill modify Benthamite utilitarianism?
- How does the Gandhian position differ from utilitarianism and from Marxism?
- What is socialism, and how far did it influence the Indian Constitution?
- What are the essential principles of communism, and how is it criticised?
Treat that list as a self-test: recite each topic's rule from memory before you open its cases.
Provisions
- Constitution of India, s. Article 19(1) and Article 19(2)
- Constitution of India, s. Preamble, Article 38 and Article 39(b) and (c)