Unit 3 of Political Science – I (syllabus: Module III — Montesquieu’s theory and his four cases of fusion; the liberal interpretation as mutual restraint; the doctrine applied in the USA under checks and balances, its absence in England, and its functional form in India from Art. 50 through Ram Jawaya to Kesavananda; the judiciary as an organ — its five functions and the constitutional devices securing its independence; Dicey’s three limbs of the rule of law and their Indian equivalents; judicial review from Marbury to Art. 13, with severability; the Art. 368 cases — Shankari Prasad, Sajjan Singh, Golaknath, the 24th Amendment, Kesavananda Bharati and Minerva Mills; and parliamentary sovereignty with the five limitations on the Indian Parliament). Below: what the unit covers, the provisions it turns on, and the cases an examiner expects you to name.